Combination metal mold for brass castings.



No. 783,576. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. F. HAGGENJOS.

COMBINATION METAL MOLD FOR BRASS GASTINGS.

APPL-IOATION FILED MAE. 4, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEETI.

.Figj. 3S

o' o p o o '2 i2 1 vv ye: l----o---o-o---q---o "i l/ 2 5 a INVENTOH r A TTOHNE) No. 783,576. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. F. HAGGENJOS.

COMBINATION METAL MOLD FOR BRASS GASTINGS;

y APPLIUATION FILED MAR. 4, 1904.

WITNESSES! 0% INVENTO/Y W M;f 7?W A TTOHNE) No. "reams.

lUhllllflU rafts lPatented February 28, 190 5.

arr-trim l rricia FRANK lIAGGIENJOS, OF ST. LOUIS, lVllSSOUlll.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 78 3,5'76, dated February 28, 1905.

Application filed March 4, 1904.. Serial N0.196,547.

To all who/11 it may concern:

Be it known that l, FRANK I-lAeonNJ'os, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Combination Metal Molds for Brass Castings, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in combination metal molds for making brass castings; and the combination consists in the construction of the two or more parts of the mold of metal, preferably iron, with cores of sand or composition inserted in them in such a way and in such parts of them as to cause all gases to llow oil from the mold and the molten metal, so as to produce a good clean surface to the casting and to not interfere with the natural shrinkage of the metal in cooling.

The object of my invention is to produce as perfect a casting in metal combination-molds as can be made by the old process of casting in sand molds; secondly, to produce castings cheaper and more rapidly where a large amount of brass castings are required of a single kind or pattern, such as brass boxes or bearings for railroad-cars, where a high class of bearing-surface is required to stand the weight and wear of the rapidly-running journals, and I propose by my construction of molds to produce the same results in the casting of driving-brasses, rod-brasses, round and hexagon stick-brasses, bushings, &O.; thirdly, to avoid the dilliculties met with in iron moldsurfaces, such as the relieving of the gas from the interior of the mold and the gas in the molten metal at the proper place in the mold, to avoid blow-holes in the casting and sandholes and scales on the surface of the castings, and to obtain a solid and even density of the. metal throughout all parts of the casting; fourthly, to provide for the shrinkage on the concave side of the casting by inserting a hardsand filling that lets oil the gas and yields to the shrinkage of the metal in the casting as it cools and does not chill the I)earing-surface and produce hard streaks and scaly and por ous places in the metal which scale off and produce a hot box when the babbitt or lead lining is worn through, and, iifthly, to avoid the necessity of sandblasting the mold to keep it clean in the letters and the line parts of the mold and. to cause the more rapid cooling of the mold and give an even thickness and weight to the casting, which variation is caused by expanding the mold in pouring the metal into it and by rapping the pattern to remove it from the sand in the old way.

in order to illustrate and clearly describe my improvements, I have prepared two sheets of drawings showing mainly the two forms of pouring the molds, both of which show the same general construction and arrangement of parts and the same general result. The one shows the arrangement adopted to pour themolten metal into the mold standing on end and the other with the mold lying horizontal, as they are usually poured in sand molds. 1 attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Referring to Sheet 1 of the drawings, 1 illustrate my plan of casting the box or bearing horizontal. r Figure 1 is a perspective view of the mold complete. Fig. 2 is an inside face view of the check or center section of the mold. Fig. 3 is an inside face view of the drag of the mold with the hard-sand filling lying in its place. Fig. tk is an inside face view of the cope of the mold with the hard-sand filling lying in its place. Fig. 5 a vertical longitudinal cut section taken on the broken line z y, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a vertical crosscut section taken on the broken line 41:11, Fig. 1.

Similar letters and iigures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Sheet 2 of the drawings, I illustrate my plan of casting the box or bearing vertical, in which Fig. 7 is a perspective View of the mold complete. side face view of the one side of the mold with the hard-sand iilling lying in its place. Fig. 9 an inside face view of the other side of the mold with the hard'sand lilling lying in its place. Fig. 10 is a vertical longitudimtl cut section of the mold complete, taken on the broken line y and 1 3 Figs. 8 and 9. l ig. ll a horizontal cut sectionof the mold complete, taken on the broken line :1: m. Fig. ti is a vertical cut section of a mold for a driving brass. Fig. 152 is a perspective view of a Fig. 8 is an in' clamping device with agang of molds clamped l third, and as a means of letting off the gas to pour them. Fig.13 is a detail perspective view of one of the clamping-screws, in all of which views like letters and figures refer to like parts.

Referring again to Sheet 1 of the drawings, I have illustrated a mold such as is usually called a three-part mold, showing parts 1, y

2, and 3, within which the impression of the bearing to be cast lies, and also the upper (T) and lower (5)11ard-sand fillings, forming a part of the mold. I have also shown in this complete view, Fig. 1, guides by which the differ- I cut sections of the mold are made to register with each other and handles by means of which the different sections may be lifted off and a gate or sprue-hole by means of which the mold may he filled with the molten metal, also a series of top and bottom vent-holes and the two joints all around as side vents. The advantages of this three-part mold are mainly in the matter of finishing the mold for use and the more perfect system of venting and avoiding the necessity of clamping the mold to pour it. In referring to each of the parts or sections by a detailed description I will first describe the d rag-section. (Shown in Fig. This plate 3 is provided with adepressed seating for the hard-sand filling 5, as is shown in cross-section in Fig. 6, and the hard-sand filling 5 is shown in its seating, and under this hard-sand filling there is shown a series of vent-holes c 0, through which the gas escapes after it is driven through the hard-sand filling 5 by the filling of the mold-cavity with the molten metal, which makes a perfect casting on the journal side next to the hard-sand filling 5. Then next the cheek or middle section 2 of the mold is provided with four guide-pins (:1 c e e, which fit in the corners of the sections 1 and 3. This section 2 is also provided with a part of the gate-passage Z), the other portion being in the upper section 1.- This section 2 is provided with handholds (Z (l, and it also contains all of the walls of the internal cavity of the mold except the back, which is covered by the hard-sand filling 4:, which is seated in section 1, and the bearingface side, which is covered by the lower section 3 with its hard-sand filling 5, which rests on its end, prints in this center section 2.

The upper section 1 is provided with a portion of the sprue or gate cavity 7/ and a seating for the hard-sand filling 4t, as is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. This hard-sand fillings serves three leading purposes*first, as a means of having a removable portion of the top surface of the mold-cavity, so that any names or lettering or numbers desired may be changed at will without affecting the other parts of the mold, thus making one size or form of mold suitable for many orders; second, as a means of having these letters, names, and figures always come sharp and clean and perfect in the casting;

each time a casting is made.

from the top of the mold-cavity through the said hard-sand filling and out the ventholes a a in this top plate behind the said hard-sand filling, thus insuring a perfect casting; also,'the gas finds a means of escape through the joints between the upper and middle sections and the middle and lower sections, thus. making the means of escape for the gas in the mold and the molten metal doubly sure. These hard-sand tillingsIdesign to make of sand or any suitable composition made in a hard-sand-[illing box or pressed in the desired form. Also a loosening pigment or wash may be used on the cavity-surface of the mold. The metal in cooling shrinks away from the walls of the mold and down onto any internal projections into the cavity of the mold. Thus I have illustrated and described a combination-mold for making brass castings having a part of its internal walls formed of iron and a part formed of open porous hard-sand fillings.

eferring again to Sheet 2 of the drawings, I will describe a construction of the same kind for the same purpose and producing the same result, it being arranged so as to pour the casting in'a vertical position, it being necessary in this case for the molten metal to enter the cavity of the mold at itslowest pointby means of a horn gate or spruc and to have the vents so located that the gas can escape from the cavity of the mold as the molten metal rises in it and fills it entire to its top, and also to provide a sinker above the mold proper,which will make up for the shrinkage of the metal in the mold in cooling. In this form the iron part of the mold consists of two parts A and B. The partA, asshown in Fig. 9, consists of a seating for the hard-sand filling C, which is shown in position in it; a sinker-cavity above it, with vent-openings E above it, and a portion of the gate or sprue opening D above and bolting-lugs a a on its side edges. Part B is provided with the horn gate D, which enters the mold-cavity at its bottom. This part B contains nearly the whole surface of the cavity of the mold and, together with the hardsand filling (j, which extends lengthwise of the mold, forms the top or back of the castingcavity. This hard-sand filling is designed in the same wayas the lower hard-sand filling to be a means of escape for the gas from the mold-cavity through it and out through the vent-holes E in the metal of the mold back of it. This core-filling is made in a separate part from the metal of the mold, so that the lettering on it may be varied as desired and so that nice sharp letters will be obtained on each casting by the use of a new sand filling (These fillings are pressed core-sand baked like a soft brick.) Further, in this part I3 a sinker-cavity 7) is partly shown located above the mold-cavity,

with vent-holes it, also shown in the wall above it; also, a series oi bolting-lugs u, u. on its outer edges. Figs. 10 and 11, which show vertical and horizontal sections taken on the broken lines ;e and mm, are designed to show plainly the location of the hard sand lillings in the cavity oi the mold and the vent-holes IE it through the metal back of them and the relation oi the several parts to the casting or mold cavity, this Form also presenting the same distributions and arrm'igement iron and hard-saml-iilling surface and vents in the casting-cavity oi the mold to insure the same good result in the casting by embodying the same general principles and construction as is used in the horizontal mold. It is necessary also in this form oi a mold to provide some iorm oi a clamp to the jaws oi which the parts oi each side oi a group oi these molds may be bolted, so as to be opened and closed by the action oi the screws in said clamp. This 1 have shown in Fig. 12, in which the jaw K drops back at an angle when opened wide for inserting the hard sand iillings. The routine oi operations oi inserting the hard sand iillings, closing the mold, pouring, and taking out the casting and brushing the mold, and inserting the iillings again, &c., can be done very rapidly by cheap la her; but after a iew castings have been made the mold will gettoo hot and will have to cool a few moments. The durability oi the mold will be very great it it is not allowed to get too hot and cool too quickly. 1 have further illustrated this same plan and general con struction of a,combination-mold as applied to the casting of driving-brasses by a cross-section, Fig 1a, in which is shown the entire construction oi an outer and inner or upper (F) and lower ((1) sections of themold, in which are also a series of inner cores H H and a system oi. inner vent-holes g g through the iron part of the moldiiback oi the hard sand iillings and a gate or sprue opening .1, leading into the crescent-shaped opening in the mold, it being that shape throughout from end to end and square on the top and bottom of the mold, the said sprue-opening being between the cores II II and the iron section (ii of the mold and extending overinto the body of the mold, as shown by the broken lines at the bottom oi the crescent-shaped opening, which is the shape oi the d riving-brasses throughout, the length being immaterial. I design to make truck-brasses, rod-brasses, round and hexagon stick-brasses. and bushings in the smile way and general plan and get the same good result in the castings.

I am aware that heretolore very grave dii lieulties have conl'ronted experimenters with metal molds; but by long and care iul experiments l have found this combination oi' iron wall-surfaces, hard-sand-iilling suriaces oi sand, and the proper system oi venting the metal with a dash and swell the cavity oi the mold. The use day in and day out oi. wooden patterns causes them to warp and swell with moisture. and the result is variable and imperfect castings which will not iit where they were designed to without iitting labor is wasted on them.

By the use oi? this combination form of molds l have lound valuable Features and vital points oi novelty in the making oi brass casting.

Having thus iully illustrated and eareiully described my molds and their uses and application to the arts, together with the objects and advantages obtained in their use, ll am aware that metal molds have been made and experimented with to some degree oi success. l therefore do not claim, broadly, the matter of metal molds; but

\Vhat I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. in a metal mold ior brass castings, the coi'nbinatiou in a sectional iron mold peri orated and, provided in each section with seatings containing hard-sand iillings which form the back and bearing sides oi the casting-cav ity and provided with a horn gate-passage to the bottom oi? mold-cavity, and bolting-lugs to secure the parts to the clamping-jaws arranged to hold groups of molds, as shown and speeiiied.

E2. in a metal mold for brass castings, a perforated sectional mold of iron provided with seatings containing hard-sand iillings forming the back and bearingsides oi the casting-cavity and provided with a horn gate opening into the mold-cavity at its bottom and a capped perforated riser above the nmld-cavity and bolting-lugs to secure the sections oi. the mold to the clamping-jaws, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a metal mold for brass castings, the combination oi the perforated sections of an iron mold provided with the internal castingcavity and seatings holding hard-sand iillings forming the back and bearing side of the mold cavity, and a horn gate entering the mold-cavity at its bottom and lugs Ior bolting the sections to the clamping-jaws, as shown and described.

i. in a metal mold for brass castings, the coniibination perforated metal sections provided with seatings holding hard-sand lillings forming the back and beari ng si des oi the moldcavity, a horn gate opening into the cavity of the mold, a capped and ventilated riser above the mold-cavity, and bolting-lugs to secure the sections to the clamping-jaws in groups of gateopening into the cavity of the mold, as molds, substantially as shown and specified. shown and described. IO

5. In a metal mold for brass castings, the In testimony WhereofI affix my signature in modified form of a journal-bearing mold conpresence of two witnesses.

sisting of the perforated sections provided FRANK HAGGENJOS. With seatings containing hard-sand fillings Witnesses: forming the center back and bearing side of S. E. MARTIN,

the casting-cavity and provided with a horn A. SOHREIBER. 

